三倍体毛白杨引种试验初报

三倍体毛白杨具有生长迅速、抗逆性强、材质优良等特性，在北方广为种植，是当前最有开发价值的10大杨树新品种之一。首次在江西开展引种栽培试验，当年平均苗高3．5m，平均地径3．2cm，病虫危害少，苗期生长基本正常。初步显示，三倍体毛白杨在江西也能引种栽培。     

不同桉树无性系造林对比试验

通过7个桉树无性系在3个不同立地条件的造林对比试验研究,结果表明:7个桉树无性系在本区表现良好,不同桉树无性系间在胸径、树高、蓄积量生长方面均存在显著差异;适宜本区发展的桉树无性系首选为尾赤桉201-2,其次为尾巨桉3229和尾圆桉184-1;海拔在300 m以下的适宜种尾赤桉201-2、尾圆桉184-1、尾巨桉3229等,海拔在300~460 m的适合种尾赤桉201-2和巨桉。     

诱捕器引诱松墨天牛试验

2002~2004年在厦门市的同安区西山、郭山马尾松纯林设置试验地,采用FJ-MA-02松墨天牛引诱剂对松墨天牛进行引诱。结果表明:4~6月诱虫量占整个诱虫量的83.3%,诱虫高峰期在5月。西山每个诱捕器2002~2004年每年平均分别引诱到60.6头、29.8头和12.2头,平均每667 m2林地引诱到1.9头、0.9头和0.5头。诱虫量分别比上一年下降了50.8%、59.1%。郭山每个诱捕器分别引诱到47.8头、20.6头和11.5头,平均每667 m2引诱到1.3头、0.5头和0.3头。诱虫量分别比上一年下降了57.0%、44.2%。说明引诱剂对降低松墨天牛种群密度,控制松墨天牛危害能发挥重要作用。     

Long-term changes in forest floor processes in southern Appalachian forests

Soil nutrient concentrations decreased in an aggrading southern Appalachian forest over a 20-year period. Construction of nutrient budgets showed significant nutrient sequestration aboveground including increased forest floor mass. We hypothesized that the changes in forest floor mass resulted from decreased litter decomposition rates because of decreased litter quality. In 1992 and 1993, we repeated a litter decomposition experiment conducted in 1969 and 1970 to test this hypothesis. In addition, we examined microarthropod populations and functional groups as litter decomposed. For four of the five species tested, first-year decomposition rates were about the same in both experiments. Initial litter nutrient concentrations of P were lower in all tree species in the most recent sampling. N, Ca, and Mg concentrations also declined in some species. These declines often resulted in decreased nutrient release rates during decomposition. Microarthropod populations differed significantly among litter species, as well as between years (probably resulting from differences in growing-season rainfall). For some litter species we found significant relationships between microarthropod populations and nutrient concentration (primarily C and N); however, most r²-values were low. Data suggest that changes in forest floor mass probably resulted from decreased litter quality and that those changes may have an effect on microarthropod populations.     

Leaf water relations in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus densiflora</Emphasis> Sieb. et Zucc. on different soil moisture conditions

To elucidate the differences in the leaf water relations of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. growing in different soil moisture conditions, we examined the pressure-volume curve and the diurnal changes in the stomatal conductance, the transpiration rate, and the leaf water potential. The leaf water relations were compared using field-grown 40-year-old pine trees growing on the upper and lower parts of a slope. We also compared the leaf water relations of potted 4-year-old saplings growing at pF 4.2 and pF 1.8 soil moisture levels for almost 1 year. The values of the ratio of symplasmic water at turgor loss point to symplasmic water at saturated point (V_p/V_o) and bulk modulus of elasticity () of both the adult trees on the upper part of the slope and the potted saplings growing on pF 4.2 soil moisture were higher than those values of both the adult trees on the lower part of the slope and the potted saplings growing on pF 1.8 soil moisture, respectively. The field-grown adult tree and the potted saplings growing under long-term water stress tended to reduce their stomatal conductance in response to the acute soil drying. It is suggested that P. densiflora growing under long-term water stress rapidly closed its stomata in response to soil drying and avoided losing water, and could also rapidly absorb water with reducing water loss because of the decrease in the leaf pressure potential derived from the high values.     

添加纳米粒子的塑料包装材料在杨梅保鲜中的作用

纳米技术应用在杨梅保鲜包装上是一个新的尝试,它采用了交互性实验设计方案,将银纳米材料添加进塑料制成包装材料,可观测其保鲜效果.结果表明,纳米塑料包装材料和纳米奇冰石在提高杨梅好果率和延长货架期方面有正面效果;同时,在抑制VC分解方面具有一定的作用.     

秸秆颗粒饲料螺旋挤压加工性能的试验研究

利用单螺杆挤压机对农作物秸秆进行颗粒饲料的加工试验。通过单因素试验和通用旋转组合试验,找出各影响因素及其间的交互作用对性能指标的影响规律,建立数学模型,并对试验结果进行分析;对秸秆进行碱化处理再挤压成形,经分析测试,该方法可明显降低粗纤维含量,从而有利于动物消化率和采食率的提高。     

滚筒式残膜回收机的理论设计和试验研究

农用塑料薄膜都是聚乙烯烃类化合物,自然条件下极难降解,在土壤中可存在200～400年.为此,介绍了残膜对农业生产的危害和残膜回收机研究的重要性;并设计了一种滚筒式残膜回收机,阐述了该机的工作原理及其有关设计参数.通过试验表明:该机结构简单,工作可靠,动力消耗少,适应性广.     

西南地区主要类型土壤钾素有效性分析

通过测定西南地区主要类型土壤的基本农化性状、Q/I曲线、固钾率和酸提取钾来研究土壤钾素缓冲容量(PBCK),进而分析土壤钾素的有效性.试验结果表明,PBCK与土壤CEC、固钾率和酸提取均呈极显著正相关,因此可以用PECK来衡量土壤钾素有效性.     

离心泵调速运行试验与节能效果分析

为了节约能源,提高水泵及泵站的运行效率,以喷灌泵BX50-31( =192.36)为研究对象,进行了恒定扬程和变装置扬程(假设H=KQ2)不同工况下的变速调节试验;对试验结果进行节能效果分析,得到了在相对流量为50%的调节流量下,较节流调节高达87.52%的相对节能效果.所得结论对研究离心泵的节能、离心泵设计的改进具有一定的参考价值.